Healthcare systems rely on APIs for interoperability solutions. Two of the most common types are REST and SOAP — but knowing when to use each can be challenging. That’s why understanding REST vs SOAP in healthcare is key to choosing the right solution.
What Are APIs? #
An API (Application Programming Interface) is a tool that allows two software systems to exchange data. In healthcare, APIs help systems like EHRs, labs, apps, and devices communicate behind the scenes.
There are two major types of APIs used in healthcare: REST and SOAP. Both have the same goal — data exchange — but they work in different ways.
REST API (Representational State Transfer) #
REST is a modern, lightweight way to connect systems using the internet. It’s built on simple web technologies — the same ones that power most apps and websites.
Key Traits Of REST APIs #
- Use standard web methods (like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
- Use lightweight data formats like JSON
- Easier and faster to set up and scale
- Common in mobile apps, cloud-based platforms, and real-time systems
- Works well with FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources)
Example in healthcare
A remote patient monitor sends a patient’s vitals directly to an EHR in real time using a RESTful API.
SOAP API (Simple Object Access Protocol) #
SOAP is an older, more rigid API standard that was widely used before REST. It uses XML (a structured format) and is designed with strict rules and built-in error handling.
Key Traits Of SOAP APIs #
- Use XML for messaging
- More structured and secure out-of-the-box
- Better suited for legacy systems
- Often used in government, enterprise, and older healthcare systems
- Includes built-in standards for security and reliability (WS-Security)
Example in healthcare
A hospital system sends insurance eligibility requests to a payer using a SOAP API.
REST vs SOAP In Healthcare : A Simple Comparison #
| Feature | REST API | SOAP API |
| Introduced | Early 2000s | Late 1990s |
| Data Format | JSON (lightweight) | XML (verbose) |
| Ease of Use | Easier to implement and scale | More complex, strict formatting |
| Speed | Fast and efficient | Slower due to extra structure |
| Flexibility | Highly flexible for modern apps | Better for structured enterprise use |
| Best For | Real-time, cloud, mobile, FHIR | Legacy, secure transactions, enterprise |
Which Should You Use – REST or SOAP? #
Both REST and SOAP can be used securely and effectively in healthcare, depending on your goals.
Use REST if you’re #
- Building or integrating with modern apps or platforms
- Working with real-time patient data
- Using or supporting FHIR
- Focused on speed, scalability, and ease of implementation
Use SOAP if you’re #
- Connecting with older systems that require strict protocols
- Working in highly regulated environments with legacy systems
- Requiring built-in advanced security features
Many healthcare systems use a combination of both, depending on their integration needs.
Summary #
REST and SOAP are two different paths to the same goal: safe and reliable data exchange. REST is the preferred choice for modern, fast-moving environments. SOAP remains a solid option for older, enterprise-level systems that require strict formatting and security.
Understanding the difference can help you make smarter decisions when evaluating vendors, connecting devices, or building an integration strategy.
Need help figuring out which API approach is right for your healthcare organization?
Contact us at sales@bmrtw.com or visit www.bmrtw.com to speak
with an interoperability specialist.
